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The information on this page is provided by Barbara Mason, Learning Disabilities Specialist at City College
Definition No Typical LD Student Assessment Typical Behaviors Back to Faculty Resource Page

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LEARNING DISABILITIES
The student with learning disabilities is a person with average to above-average intelligence who has difficulty learning in the regular classroom setting. Though usually not visually or hearing impaired, these students do not learn as others do. Due to their “hidden disabilities”, they may perform well in some areas, but lag far behind in others, making them uneven, inconsistent and unpredictable learners. Often the disabilities make them appear stupid, lazy, unmotivated and uncaring, when in actuality, the students are striving desperately to succeed.

Definition:

According to the Title V regulations that govern the California Community Colleges, and in accordance with the State Education Code and State and Federal legislative guidelines:

Learning disability in California Community College adults is a persistent condition of presumed neurological dysfunction, which may also exist, with other disabling conditions. This dysfunction continues despite instruction in standard classroom situations. Learning-disabled adults, a heterogeneous group, have these common attributes:

  • average to above intellectual ability;
  • severe processing deficits;
  • severe aptitude-achievement discrepancy (ies); and
  • measured achievement in an instructional or employment setting.

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No typical LD Student:

Manifestations of learning disabilities vary from person to person, so that it is impossible to describe a typical learning-disabled student. However, all have difficulty with some aspect of taking, in, retaining and expressing information. They will usually display a cluster of some of the behaviors described in the chart below.

Not surprisingly, students with learning disabilities often have low self-esteem due to a history of failure and school problems. Some have very poor social relationships, being overly aggressive, or shy and withdrawn, or generally awkward and inept in social situations. People do not usually “outgrow” or completely overcome learning disabilities. However, students may be taught to by-pass or compensate for them and so improve their basic academic skills. Services may include small group instruction to remediate skill deficits and tutoring in regular college classes. For some Learning Disabled students who still have severe deficiencies in reading and writing skills, additional accommodations can be provided.

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Assessment For Learning Disabilities:

City College students who have difficulty learning in the regular classroom setting may take a series of tests designed to determine their eligibility for special services. These tests assess their basic strengths and weaknesses and provide the basis for planning an individual program with services/accommodations based on limitations.

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Learning Disabilities and Typical Behaviors

Area of Difficulty Typical Behaviors
DYSLEXIA - Oral Expression
  • Responds slowly, difficulty finding words
  • Disorganization of thoughts and ideas
  • Incorrect use of prepositions and idiomatic expressions
  • Noticeable speech errors:
      Mispronunciations
      Confusion of words which sound similar
Written Expression
  • Consistently omits or confuses common word endings
  • Omits words or writes them in confused order
  • Great difficulty organizing ideas
  • Extraordinary difficulty proofreading
  • Copies inaccurately from chalkboard or book
  • Writes very slowly

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Spelling
  • Misspells small, common words
  • Consistently reverses sequence of letters in words
  • Bizarre errors, showing little knowledge of sound/symbol relationships
  • Substitutes a word of similar meaning on a spelling test; e.g. home for house
Reading
  • Unable to “sound out” words
  • Confuses small, common words
  • Confuses or ignores common word endings
  • Very poor comprehension and retention
  • Slow reading rate
DYSCALCULIA - Arithmetic
  • Unable to memorize addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division tables
  • Unable to remember sequence of steps in operations such as long division
  • Reverses sequence of digits in numbers
  • Confuses similar symbols; e.g. < and >, + and x
  • Copies inaccurately from chalkboard or from dictation

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OTHER PROCESSING DISORDERS - Memory/Concentration
  • Does not remember what is read (though may remember what is said)
  • Does not remember what is heard
       Cannot repeat what is said
       Cannot follow a series of directions
  • Short attention span, high distractibility
Perceptual Motor Skills
  • Illegible handwriting (DYSGRAPHIA)
  • Confusion of left and right
  • Writes or reads some letters or numbers backward

Program Coordinator, Barbara Mason, bmason@sdccd.edu | Phone: (619) 388-3513 | (619) 388-3313 (TTY)
Office: # A115 | Office Hours: M,T,W, 7:30-6:00 pm, Th, 7:30-4:00, Fri, 7:30-3:30

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